‍Cataract surgery is one of the most successful and commonly performed procedures worldwide. It significantly improves vision and quality of life by replacing the clouded natural lens with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL). However, some patients may experience a gradual decline in vision after the procedure due to a condition known as Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO).

Posterior Capsule Opacification, often referred to as a “secondary cataract,” is a condition that can develop weeks, months, or even years after cataract surgery. It occurs when epithelial cells remaining in the eye after the removal of the cataract begin to grow on the back of the lens capsule, causing the capsule to become cloudy. This cloudiness can lead to blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing clearly—symptoms similar to those experienced with cataracts.

PCO is relatively common, affecting approximately 20% to 30% of patients within five years after cataract surgery. The risk may vary depending on factors such as the patient’s age, the surgical technique used, the type of IOL implanted, and individual healing responses. Younger patients and those with certain medical conditions like diabetes may have a slightly higher risk of developing PCO.

The good news is that PCO is easily treatable with a quick, non-invasive procedure called YAG laser capsulotomy. During this procedure, a laser is used to create a small opening in the cloudy capsule, restoring clear vision almost immediately. It is typically performed in the office and takes just a few minutes, with little to no downtime.